A Very Brief Look at the Crusades - 1269 Words

On the 27th of November in the year 1095, Pope Urban II issued a decree to a council of the Church at Clermont in the French Auvergne saying Whoever for devotion alone, not to gain honour or money, goes to jerusalem to liberate the Church of God can substitute the journey for all penance (Tyerman 27). As the Pope declared a first crusade against the Muslims, he used forgiveness from sins as a false incentive to get knights to join in his fight. In his letter of instruction, Urban says that a barbaric fury has deplorably afflicted an laid waste the churches of God in the regions of the Orient, referring to the turkish muslims that had destroyed many of the churches in asian minor (Krey 42-43). The Turks would invade the churches and desecrate and overthrow the alters, (Munro 5-8). The Seljuk Turks invaded the lands of the christians, torturing and killing the Christians in ways that were despicable. For example, they would cut the abdomen and tie the entrails to a stake, then make them walk until all organs were out of the body (Munro 5-8). These Muslims took a tract of land from the Greek Empire that would have taken two months to walk across (Munro 5-8). Pope Urban II questioned everyone, asking Whose duty is to avenge this and recover that land, if not yours? in his speech at Clermont, declaring a jihad, or holy war against the Muslim Turks (Munro 5-8). As Urban finished his speech to the Council at Clermont, all who were in attendance shouted Deus lo volt!Show MoreRelatedWhy Were The Crusades?1389 Words   |  6 Pages WHY WERE THE CRUSADES STARTED SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR C. PAUL KING CHHI-301-B06 LUO BY KEVIN SCOTT WILLIAMS JUNE 29, 2015 â€Æ' Why Were the Crusades Started Most have heard of the crusades of the middle-ages or at least heard of some famous people such as Pope Urban II, Richard the Lionheart or others. Whether you see the crusades as events that tried to promote Christian values in a pagan territory or of you see the crusades as chivalrous knights fight for a valiant cause one will stillRead MoreEssay on The Crusades: Significance for Christianity Today1728 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Give a brief account of The Crusades. What significance do they still have for Christianity today? What should contemporary Christians learn from them? In this essay, this writer will give a brief account of The Crusades, demonstrate the significance they still have for Christianity today and what lessons contemporary Christians should learn from them. The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched between 1095 and 1291 by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens who were MoslemsRead MoreHow The Glass Booth Should Be Integrated Into The Museum1745 Words   |  7 Pagesas in the legend of the seven sleepers. In brief summary of the legend, seven noblemen of the Roman Empire converted to Christianity and prayed for the lord’s protection from persecution. They were in a cave and the lord put them into a deep â€Å"sleep† and they awoke two centuries later during the reign of Theodosius II . It is believed that they died in the cave and were then resurrected by the lord when it was safe. This piece was created during the crusades and demonstrates an important message toRead MoreFive Best Search Engine Optimization Tools Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilding. It optimizes your site and improves your site performance. This tool is best for bloggers or little entrepreneurs who need assistance dealing with th e numerous points of interest of a SEO campaign. Pros †¢ Super easy to use †¢ Dashboard is very clean †¢ You can directly link more than 25 social media sites †¢ You can run 25 projects at a time Cons †¢ It does not have professional competitive research tool Link: https://www.advancedwebranking.com/ #Number 6: Traffic Travis It is an online-basedRead MoreEssay about Billy Graham : Man and Ministry5476 Words   |  22 PagesGrahams ministry to this day, even while Graham is now slowed by Parkinsons disease. A look at the man in relation to the decade reveals some interesting facets of the national attitude in the fifties, and his reaction to the issues strongly shows what was on the minds of the people. As instrumental as he was in shaping the moral outlook of the era, a look at the issues of the fifties would not be complete without a look at this preacher to the nations, Billy Graham. Train up a child in the way he shallRead More Critique of Movie The Insider Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesblame on anyone but themselves. I think social security is a safety net for the financially irresponsible. I thought The Insider was a great movie from a strictly entertainment perspective (dont get ahead of me on this one!), and I enjoyed it very much. Russell Crowe is Jeffrey Wigand, a Brown and Williamson VP of Research and Development whose conscience compels him to blow the whistle on the industry. He claims that Big Tobacco has been covering up scientific research that proves nicotineRead MoreAnti Semitism As A Conflict Of Religious Identity And National Identity1963 Words   |  8 Pagesultimately helped pave the path for the Holocaust. Medieval Anti-Semitism took place during the time where the Jews lived under the dominant religion of Christianity under the Roman Empire in Europe. The Jews during this period suffered from the crusade, blood libels, and hatred from the Christians. This then transitioned into National Anti-Semitism, which took place during the Enlightenment. Many people during this time were almost â€Å"Patriotic† people believed highly in loyalty to their nation,Read MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1586 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle Age romance stories. The story depicts the ethical orientation a nd the social context of Arthurian Romance and the ideology of English chivalry. Chivalry (chevalerie) is a French term that means â€Å"Skills to handle a horse,† but after the first crusades chivalry became more of an honor code to an ideal knight. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is not only an adventurous tale but is also a test for Gawain’s character and a test of his adherence to the knight’s code of chivalry. The Code of ChivalryRead MoreSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? To better understand the act, one needs to first examine what â€Å"SOPA† is and means. First and foremost, SOPA is the Stop Online Piracy Act. This act is essentially an extension of another bill that was sent through shortly before it. The name of this bill is the PROTECT IP act, which stands for Protecting Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property. Both these names are essentially very fancy names for an anti-theft law toRead MoreAtheism, Evolution And Secular Humanism Masquerading As Science Against The Bible And Creation1095 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Richard Ruhling Science depends on research. Consider our limited opportunities--our lives are brief; our vision is limited; and we can make huge mistakes, when it comes to events we think were before Bible history. Here are a few examples: How often the supposed deductions from some scientists are revised or cast aside; With what readiness the assumed

Alvin Ailey Cry Essay - 1153 Words

Alvin Ailey: Cry When Alvin Ailey’s Cry premiered in 1971, Judith Jamison was praised for her tour-de- force 16-minute solo. An original New York Times review expressed that â€Å"She looks like an African goddess†. Cry - originally a gift for Ailey’s mother - was dedicated to â€Å"all black women everywhere, especially our mothers†. This work, one of Ailey’s greatest successes, evokes an emotional journey, as the performance depicts the struggles of African American women suffering the extraordinary hardships of slavery. Through self- determination, these women overcome their tribulations to attain justice and emancipation. [insert argument here] Alvin Ailey (1931-1989) grew up in a time of racial segregation, discrimination and violence against†¦show more content†¦Despite the importance of the movement vocabulary, Ailey expresses that â€Å"Cry is about the dance and the dancer†. Therefore, the expression and emotion that Deborah Manning projects are equally important to facilitate the audience’s reception of the full significance of the work; The difficult time of emotional and and physical struggles for the African Americans. The journey of Cry is driven by three expressive intentions. The accompaniment in Cry is divided into sections that complement the A,B,C formal structure. For example, section one creates images of slavery, hardship and the struggle that the African American women experienced. Ailey has incorporated a length of fabric into the work to create symbolic meaning and imagery. Section one starts with Manning standing, overlaid with her white leotard and skirt, holding the while fabric to the sky. Manning slowly lowers the fabric, holding it out in front of her as she walks toward the front of the stage to place the fabric center front on the floor. Manning the tosses one end of the fabric to the side then sharply contracts to the side with her arm bent over her head, to then gently caress the material. This is then repeated on the other side. This change in dynamics and sharp angles shows her pain and fatigue as she is forced into labour. Manning creates images with the material as she scr ubs the floor and ties herself down, standing on the ends of the material with it wrappedShow MoreRelatedCry - Alvin Ailey Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesCry Alvin Ailey ‘Cry’ is a dance choreographed by a very talented and well-recognised choreographer named Alvin Ailey. This was created in 1971. Ailey has created many incredible works but I must say that ‘Cry’ was one of his most outstanding works of art. The dance’s intent is to portray the struggle strength of the African American women who were in the slave trade; how women so enslaved trapped can still manage to be so free. Everything in this piece was thought of in specific detailRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesrestaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and other injustices. His favorite

Asian Financial Crisis

Questions: 1. Subprime mortgage crisis is an example of a financial crisis that affected global markets worldwide. Give another example of a financial crisis in your discussions below. Discuss the possible causes of the financial crisis. Discuss the impact of the financial crisis on financial institutions and businesses elsewhere including your own country. Explain how the financial crisis affected the economies of different countries. 2. NAB Ltd current share price is $30 and it has just paid a $1.50 dividend. Dividends of NAB are expected to grow at the rate of 5% per year. A) What is an estimated return that shareholders of NAB expect to earn? B) NAB Ltd also has preference share outstanding that pays fixed dividend of $2.30 per share. If preference stock is currently priced at $25, what is the return that preference share holders expect to earn? C) Five years ago NAB Ltd issued 15 year bond with face value of $1000 and coupon rate of 9%. The price of these bonds is currently is $950. What is NABs pre-tax and after-tax cost of debt? D) NAB Ltd has 5000,000 ordinary shares outstanding and 1,500,000 preference shares outstanding, and its equity has a total book value of $50,000,000. Its liability has a book value of $25,000,000. If NABs ordinary and preference shares are priced as in parts (A) and (B) above, what is the market value of NABs assets? E) What is weighted average cost of capital (WACC) F) If NABs liability increase by 100%. How the increase in liability will affect WACC of NAB. Explain. Tax rate is 30%. Answers: 1. Introduction:- From the period beginning from July 1997, Asian countries suffered financial crisis. This crisis was known as Asian financial crisis. Asia is the largest continent in the world. In this continent worlds largest economies such as China, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc resides. Asia is the biggest market place for all the countries in the world. Any multinational company will want to have its presence in Asia. So any crisis in this continent will affect countries around the world. Impact of Asian Financial Crisis:- This crisis began from East Asia. It raised fears that it may impact whole of the world by creating an economic meltdown. It was Thailand from where the crisis began. The currency of Thailand is Thai bhat. The government of Thailand was facing shortage of foreign currency. At a time there was no currency left with the Thailand government to exchange for Thaibhat. The value of Thai bhat started declining. Further financial institutions and the government of Thailand had outstanding debts borrowed in foreign currency. Slowly and gradually the currency collapsed. There was no money left in foreign currency to pay interest as well as principal amount for borrowed loans. The government of Thailand became bankrupt even before the currency of their county i.e. Thaibhat could fall. The countries which impacted badly were Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand. Ratio of Foreign debt to GDP got increased to 167% and it went to 180% afterwards. IMF known as International Monetary Fund took initiative and stepped in to save the economies from falling down. It announced a $40 billion program. The objective of the program was to stabilize the currency There are many causes leading to this crisis and some are debatable. The economy of Thailand became an economic bubble. Economic bubble happen when the currency or any stock is traded in large quantities and that too at a rate which is different from intrinsic rates. This leads to a situation where the value of a stock or currency suddenly drops. The drop is not just a drop, it is a crash. That is why it is called bubble. The other reason was hot money. Hot money is known as arbitrage gain. This can happen when there is a flow of money from one country to the other. The objective behind this flow is to earn short term profit. The profit is earned on interest rate differences or the changes in exchange rates. This creates market instability. This bubble kept on growing and the hot money kept on flowing. The flow and production of money became highly uncontrollable. In all the major countries of Asia such thing started happening. The reasons for this crisis were not restricted just to the fall in the value of currency instead but something happened before the crisis period. During the period1990s, South Korea, Thailand and Indonesia had very large deficits in private current account. Further to maintain the rates of fixed exchange, outside borrowings got encouragement and which led to foreign exchange risk exposurein corporate as well as financial sectors. The Chinese currency renminbi started declining. United States Federal Reserve Bank increased the rate of interest at which it grant loan to banks of foreign countries. The rates were increased because the country was recovering from recession. In such a situation this country became an optimum place to attract investment for all the countries in the world. Many economi sts blamed Chinese government for this economic crisis because the country started importing as much as it can. The value of currency started declining. It was becoming costlier to pay for the imports. Some economist blamed the speculation taking place in China as the reason for economic slowdown. Some economists were of the view that the crisis happened in Asia were not the result of psychology, market or technology; the actual reason is the policies which had distorted the lender and borrower relationship. As a result huge credit in the form of loans flew into the corporate companies of Asian countries. At the end these corporate defaulted resulting into bankruptcy. Impact of Asian crisis on United States of America:- In the last months of January 1998, Asian currencies and stock markets of Asia showed a decline by 50% or more compared to the values of mid 1997. Some economists looked at the crisis positively coming with more potential benefits for interest of US in economic reforms and pressures for democratization. The most optimistic economists agreed that the crisis will bring positive changes to the US economy in long term. There found a steep decline in car sales. The crisis impacted US as well foreign car manufacturers badly. The three big companies market share in the industry declined by 70%. These three companies stopped their production in many factories to lower down the production. Due to shut down of the factories for some time, the people employed in those factories lost their jobs. General Motors rotated their production into many other companies. 416,000 citizens of US who were in employment, lost their jobs due to this severe crisis. To pay for the health care of the employees, these three major companies asked for financial help from certain institutions in September 2008. Their plants were in Nepal and Australia too. Automobile industry was safe in Nepal. Nepal remained unaffected by the crisis on automotive industry. However, there was a big fall in the manufacture of vehicles produced and sold. The demand in Australia for automobiles also decreased to a great extent. Rise in fuel prices were the reason of decline in the demand of automobiles. Luxurious vehicle stopped giving a good mileage. Therefore, it was tough to maintain the vehicle. To cope up with the crisis, Jaguar asked for %1.5 billion loan to fight against the crisis. Impact of Asian Crisis on China and India:- To protect the industry and to increase the sales of vehicle, Chinese government decreased the taxes on the SUVs. Indian automobile sector affected due to the crisis. State bank of India decreased the interest rates on loans for automobile sector. Indonesia was very far from the crisis in June 1997. Indonesia still had a not much inflation, it had a trade surplus of around $900 million, reserves of foreign exchange were also around $20 billion as well as banking sector of Indonesia was also remained unaffected, which was unlike Thailand. But there were borrowings in US dollars by big number of Indonesian Corporations. The levels of debt and financing costs decreased as the value of local currency rose up. This happened because Rupee value strengthened compared to the dollar in the preceding years. These step worked so well for the corporations. Indonesian monetary authorities increased their rupee trading band to 12% from 8% in July 1997. In August, the rupee value suddenly fired back. Free floating exchange rate in 14th August, 1997 replaced the managed floating exchange. The value of rupee against dollar again declined. The big demand of dollars and increased corporate debts as well as increased sales of rupee sunk the rupee value and the IMF came up with a help package of 23$ billion. In the early September, the rupee and the Jakarta Stock exchanges fell down heavily. Indonesias long term debt to junk bond downgraded due to Moodys. The corporate balance sheet showed up some positivity due to the effect of summer devaluation in November, while the rupee crisis began in July and August 1997. PresidentSuhartosackedBank IndonesiaGovernorJ. Soedradjad Djiwandono in February 1998, but this was not even sufficient. In May 1998, Suharto resigned under public pressure and Vice PresidentB. J. Habibiewas elevated in his place. The exchange rate between the rupiah and the dollar was roughly 2,600 rupiah to 1 U.S. dollar, before the crisis. Conclusion:- The Asian financial crisis taught every economy a lesson to learn from in order to make the economy healthy. Most of the countries learned a lot from this crisis and raised big amount of reserves of foreign exchange as a safety pack against future attacks. Another crisis pushed to introduce Pan Asian Currency Swaps. Many East Asian Countries copies Japanese model to weaken their currencies, to restructure the economy for the purpose of creating current account surplus to make vast the foreign exchange reserves. This way Asian Financial Crisis affected many countries positively as well as negatively. References:- Frontline, 1997, Impact of the panic, viewed on 27th January 2015, available at https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/crash/etc/cron.html Charles W.L.Hill, ND, The Asian Financial Crisis, viewed on 27th January 2015, available at https://www.wright.edu/~tdung/asiancrisis-hill.htm ANON, N.D., Effect of Asian Financial Crisis on US industry, Accessed on 3rd February, 2015, https://www.nyfedeconomists.org/research/epr/00v06n3/0009harr.pdf ANON, N.D., Asian Financial Crisis, Accessed on 3rd February, 2015, https://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/asia_crisis_2007_08.pdf ANON, N.D., Asian Financial Crisis, Accessed on 3rd February, 2015, https://www.fas.org/man/crs/crs-asia.htm 2. Finance:- A. Market Price $30 Current Dividend $1.50 Growth Rate 5% Next Dividend $1.58 Expected Return 10.25% B. Preference Share Dividend $2.30 Market Price $25 Expected Return 9.20% C. Cost of Debt Pre Tax Term of Bond 10 years Face Value $1,000 Rate 9% Redemption Price $950 Interest Before Tax $90 Cost of Debt 8.72% Post Tax Term of Bond 10 years Face Value $1,000 Rate 9% Redemption Price $950 Interest After Tax 63 Cost of Debt 5.95% D. Equity Shares $5,000,000 Face Value $10 No. of Equity Shares $500,000 Market price per share $30 Market Capitalization $15,000,000 Preference Shares $1,500,000 Face Value $10 No. of Preference Shares $150,000 Market price per share $25 Market Capitalization $3,750,000 Book Value of Equity $50,000,000 Book Value of Liability $25,000,000 Net Book value $25,000,000 Equity $15,000,000 Preference $3,750,000 Total $18,750,000 E. WACC Cost of Capital Weight of Equity 0.8 10.25% 0.08 Weight of Preference 0.2 9.20% 0.02 $0 0.10 WACC 10% F. There is no liability present in the question. The cost of debt is given in the question but the amount of debt is not given so in such a case there will be no change.

Prohibition Essays (338 words) - Prohibition In The United States

Gabrialle Mijares U.S. history Brondan Stone 24, September 2015 Prohibition on june 16, 1920, the Volstead Act was passed. The Volstead Act controlled the sale, production, and drinking of an alcoholic beverage containing more than 0.5 precent alcohol. The prohibition act was set up because the crime rate was very high. Many people blamed alcohol for the problems. With the prohibition act in place, many thought that it would lower crime. Supportets of prohibition believed that it would also lower poverty and death rates and reduce the number of rats in the streets. They also believed that it would raise the economy and the quality of life. In all actuality, prohibition caused more problems that it solved. The law proved to be unedforceable . There was the creation bootleggers. Bootleggers made there own alcohol and sold it. With the creation of bootleggers there was also the creation of the black market and organized crime. Organized crime groups would open their own saloons and sell the homemade alcohol. During the prohibition time period there where many deaths from alcohol poisoning. This was because the alcohol that was very potent. Prohibition actually raised the crime rate, death rate, poverty, and destoryed society. work cited Barbour, John "Prohibition revisited: The dry-wet spell". Arizona Republic 4Dec. 1983: Rpt. in Alochol 3. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein Boca Raton: Social Issues Resources Series, 1995 Bragg, Roy " Days of the moonshine wars." Houston Chronicle. 8 May 1988: Rpt. in Alochol 4 Ed. Eleanor Goldstein Boca Raton: Social issues Resources series, 1995. McNutty, Timothy J. " Alcohol gets a sober 2d look." Chicago Tribune. 22 June 1986. Rpt. in Alcohol 3. Ed Eleanor Goldstein Boca Raton: Social Issuses Resources Series, 1995 Prohibition Gary "Beer it's been around a long time" Richmond Times Dispatch 24 Oct. 1982 : Rpt. in Alcohoal 3 Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton : Social Issuses Resources Series, 1995 Smith Christopher J. " The Geography of Drinking" Focus Winter 1986:Rpt in Alcohoal 4 Ed Eleanor Goldstein Boca Raton Social Issues Resources Series 1992